| Titre : |
New developments in marine biotechnology |
| Type de document : |
texte imprimé |
| Auteurs : |
Le gal, Y., Auteur |
| Editeur : |
Plenum press |
| Année de publication : |
2010 |
| Importance : |
343 p. |
| Format : |
26 cm |
| ISBN/ISSN/EAN : |
978-1-4419-3300-3 |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Index. décimale : |
660 Technologie chimique (chimie industrielle) et techniques connexes |
| Résumé : |
Past efforts to colonize the environment and domesticate living species, coupled with scientific research, have resulted in the possession (but not always the real control) by humans of any available terrestrial space. However, oceans, which represent up to two-thirds of the surface of the planet, had not been really approached until the middle of this century. As oceanographic science develops, the picture of a rich, diverse, complex and also, in many respects, specific marine life, is coming into view.
In a broad sense, marine biotechnologies can be understood as the various means or techniques of managing marine living systems for the benefit of mankind. The first goal we have is for marine life to provide biomass for food. However, today it is not certain that a significant increase of total world fisheries' catches will be possible in the future. There are several ways to address this. First, we need to generate better, more complete, or different uses of the biomass actually fished. This is mainly a matter of upgrading fish and fish wastes. Second, we need to artificially grow the Jiving species. This falls within the scope of cell cultivation and of aquaculture. Both approaches have to be appreciated simultaneously in terms of biology, ecology, and economy. In both approaches, profit improvements are linked to the introduction of biotechnological methods and to the use of biotechnological processes.
The main characteristics of fished biomasses is that they still exist and are readily available. They can be considered a huge reservoir of molecules: polysaccharides, enzymes, fats, etc., exhibiting physical, chemical, or biological activities of interest for various purposes. The main problem (and it is not a minor one), in terms of techniques and cost, is to isolate and purify these molecules. The second issue in biomass treatment is mass cultivation of marine organisms. It is now clear that trying to reproduce biomass intensively and artificially cannot easily yield profits, unless we use a series of biotechnological tricks that will permit a drastic lowering of the costs. During the last 10 years, another important problem has emerged. This is the spreading of pathogenic organisms in overcrowded sea farms. Within a short period of time, sea farms could be almost com pletly destroyed by marine viruses, microorganisms, or parasites about which we have little information.
Solutions to these problems represent real strategic tasks for the marine biotechnolo-gists requiring basic research in developmental biology, genetics, gene enginering, endocrinology, pathology, and immunology of species as different as flatfish, salmon, shrimps, abalone, among others. |
New developments in marine biotechnology [texte imprimé] / Le gal, Y., Auteur . - Plenum press, 2010 . - 343 p. ; 26 cm. ISBN : 978-1-4419-3300-3 Langues : Anglais ( eng)
| Index. décimale : |
660 Technologie chimique (chimie industrielle) et techniques connexes |
| Résumé : |
Past efforts to colonize the environment and domesticate living species, coupled with scientific research, have resulted in the possession (but not always the real control) by humans of any available terrestrial space. However, oceans, which represent up to two-thirds of the surface of the planet, had not been really approached until the middle of this century. As oceanographic science develops, the picture of a rich, diverse, complex and also, in many respects, specific marine life, is coming into view.
In a broad sense, marine biotechnologies can be understood as the various means or techniques of managing marine living systems for the benefit of mankind. The first goal we have is for marine life to provide biomass for food. However, today it is not certain that a significant increase of total world fisheries' catches will be possible in the future. There are several ways to address this. First, we need to generate better, more complete, or different uses of the biomass actually fished. This is mainly a matter of upgrading fish and fish wastes. Second, we need to artificially grow the Jiving species. This falls within the scope of cell cultivation and of aquaculture. Both approaches have to be appreciated simultaneously in terms of biology, ecology, and economy. In both approaches, profit improvements are linked to the introduction of biotechnological methods and to the use of biotechnological processes.
The main characteristics of fished biomasses is that they still exist and are readily available. They can be considered a huge reservoir of molecules: polysaccharides, enzymes, fats, etc., exhibiting physical, chemical, or biological activities of interest for various purposes. The main problem (and it is not a minor one), in terms of techniques and cost, is to isolate and purify these molecules. The second issue in biomass treatment is mass cultivation of marine organisms. It is now clear that trying to reproduce biomass intensively and artificially cannot easily yield profits, unless we use a series of biotechnological tricks that will permit a drastic lowering of the costs. During the last 10 years, another important problem has emerged. This is the spreading of pathogenic organisms in overcrowded sea farms. Within a short period of time, sea farms could be almost com pletly destroyed by marine viruses, microorganisms, or parasites about which we have little information.
Solutions to these problems represent real strategic tasks for the marine biotechnolo-gists requiring basic research in developmental biology, genetics, gene enginering, endocrinology, pathology, and immunology of species as different as flatfish, salmon, shrimps, abalone, among others. |
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